See shale on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "alum shale"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bituminous shale"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "black shale"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "oil shale"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "shale gas"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "shaleionaire"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "shale oil"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "shaley"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "shaly"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "schale",
"4": "",
"5": "shell, husk; scale"
},
"expansion": "Middle English schale (“shell, husk; scale”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "sċealu",
"4": "",
"5": "shell, husk, pod"
},
"expansion": "Old English sċealu (“shell, husk, pod”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*skalō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skalō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "skaal",
"3": "",
"4": "dish"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian skaal (“dish”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "schaal",
"3": "",
"4": "shell"
},
"expansion": "Dutch schaal (“shell”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Schale",
"3": "",
"4": "husk, pod"
},
"expansion": "German Schale (“husk, pod”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kelH-",
"4": "",
"5": "to split, cut"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“to split, cut”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "skalà",
"3": "",
"4": "splinter"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian skalà (“splinter”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "скала",
"3": "",
"4": "rock, stone"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic скала (skala, “rock, stone”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "skała",
"3": "",
"4": "rock"
},
"expansion": "Polish skała (“rock”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "halë",
"3": "",
"4": "fish bone, splinter"
},
"expansion": "Albanian halë (“fish bone, splinter”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कल",
"3": "",
"4": "small part",
"tr": "kalá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit कल (kalá, “small part”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"t": "to tear apart, slit open",
"tr": "iškalla"
},
"expansion": "Hittite [script needed] (iškalla, “to tear apart, slit open”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "skélti",
"3": "",
"4": "to split"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian skélti (“to split”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σκάλλω",
"3": "",
"4": "to hoe, harrow"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek σκάλλω (skállō, “to hoe, harrow”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "scale"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of scale",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English schale (“shell, husk; scale”), from Old English sċealu (“shell, husk, pod”), from Proto-Germanic *skalō (compare West Frisian skaal (“dish”), Dutch schaal (“shell”), schalie (“shale”), German Schale (“husk, pod”)), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“to split, cut”) (compare Lithuanian skalà (“splinter”), Old Church Slavonic скала (skala, “rock, stone”), Polish skała (“rock”), Albanian halë (“fish bone, splinter”), Sanskrit कल (kalá, “small part”)), from *(s)kel- (“to split, cleave”) (compare Hittite [script needed] (iškalla, “to tear apart, slit open”), Lithuanian skélti (“to split”), Ancient Greek σκάλλω (skállō, “to hoe, harrow”)). Doublet of scale. See also shell.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "shales",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "shale (countable and uncountable, plural shales)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "gneiss"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "schist"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "slate"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1610s, Homer (attributed), translated by George Chapman, The Crowne of all Homers Workes: Batrachomyomachia, or the Battaile of Frogs and Mise […], published 1624:",
"text": "the green shales of a bean",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A shell or husk; a cod or pod."
],
"id": "en-shale-en-noun-06nTImVk",
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "shell, husk, cod, pod",
"word": "kuori"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "shell, husk, cod, pod",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cadorna"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "shell, husk, cod, pod",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "casca"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "shell, husk, cod, pod",
"word": "cáscara"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "shell, husk, cod, pod",
"word": "vaina"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Geology",
"orig": "en:Geology",
"parents": [
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"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
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"Entry maintenance"
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{
"_dis": "12 66 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 85 10",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Rocks",
"orig": "en:Rocks",
"parents": [
"Geology",
"Natural materials",
"Earth sciences",
"Materials",
"Nature",
"Sciences",
"Manufacturing",
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "2007 March 23, Patricia Leigh Brown, “The Window Box Gets Some Tough Competition”, in New York Times:",
"text": "As on all large green roofs, the soil is not dirt exactly but a gravel-like growing medium of granulated pumice, shales, clays and other minerals.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A fine-grained sedimentary rock of a thin, laminated, and often friable, structure."
],
"id": "en-shale-en-noun-B25VIb2a",
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) A fine-grained sedimentary rock of a thin, laminated, and often friable, structure."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "šista",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "шиста"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "esquist"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"word": "頁岩"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "jip⁶ ngaam⁴",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"word": "页岩"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"word": "頁岩"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yèyán",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"word": "页岩"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lupek"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"word": "jílovitá břidlice"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"word": "skisto"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"word": "savikivi"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"word": "liuske"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "schiste"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rachón"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fraga"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "tixiani pikali",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"word": "თიხიანი ფიქალი"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Tonschiefer"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"word": "agyagpala"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"word": "pala"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "leirsteinn"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "leirflögur"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"word": "savislantsa"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "scisto"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"alt": "けつがん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ketsugan",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"word": "頁岩"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"alt": "でいばんがん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "deibangan",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"word": "泥板岩"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"alt": "頁岩",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "hyeoram",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"word": "혈암"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "škrílec",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "шкри́лец"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bliu-pièrre"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "leirskifer"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "skifer"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "leirskifer"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "skifer"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "šist",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"word": "شیست"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "łupek"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"word": "xisto"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "slánec",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сла́нец"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"word": "škriljac"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"word": "škriljevac"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "esquisto"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pizarra"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lutita"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"word": "lerskiffer"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"word": "skiffer"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"word": "eskuwisto"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"word": "şeyl"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"word": "şist"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʃeɪl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪl"
},
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"word": "shale"
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "schale",
"4": "",
"5": "shell, husk; scale"
},
"expansion": "Middle English schale (“shell, husk; scale”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "sċealu",
"4": "",
"5": "shell, husk, pod"
},
"expansion": "Old English sċealu (“shell, husk, pod”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*skalō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skalō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "skaal",
"3": "",
"4": "dish"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian skaal (“dish”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "schaal",
"3": "",
"4": "shell"
},
"expansion": "Dutch schaal (“shell”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Schale",
"3": "",
"4": "husk, pod"
},
"expansion": "German Schale (“husk, pod”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kelH-",
"4": "",
"5": "to split, cut"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“to split, cut”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "skalà",
"3": "",
"4": "splinter"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian skalà (“splinter”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "скала",
"3": "",
"4": "rock, stone"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic скала (skala, “rock, stone”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "skała",
"3": "",
"4": "rock"
},
"expansion": "Polish skała (“rock”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "halë",
"3": "",
"4": "fish bone, splinter"
},
"expansion": "Albanian halë (“fish bone, splinter”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कल",
"3": "",
"4": "small part",
"tr": "kalá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit कल (kalá, “small part”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"t": "to tear apart, slit open",
"tr": "iškalla"
},
"expansion": "Hittite [script needed] (iškalla, “to tear apart, slit open”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "skélti",
"3": "",
"4": "to split"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian skélti (“to split”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σκάλλω",
"3": "",
"4": "to hoe, harrow"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek σκάλλω (skállō, “to hoe, harrow”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "scale"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of scale",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English schale (“shell, husk; scale”), from Old English sċealu (“shell, husk, pod”), from Proto-Germanic *skalō (compare West Frisian skaal (“dish”), Dutch schaal (“shell”), schalie (“shale”), German Schale (“husk, pod”)), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“to split, cut”) (compare Lithuanian skalà (“splinter”), Old Church Slavonic скала (skala, “rock, stone”), Polish skała (“rock”), Albanian halë (“fish bone, splinter”), Sanskrit कल (kalá, “small part”)), from *(s)kel- (“to split, cleave”) (compare Hittite [script needed] (iškalla, “to tear apart, slit open”), Lithuanian skélti (“to split”), Ancient Greek σκάλλω (skállō, “to hoe, harrow”)). Doublet of scale. See also shell.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "shales",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "shaling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "shaled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "shaled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "shale (third-person singular simple present shales, present participle shaling, simple past and past participle shaled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To take off the shell or coat of."
],
"id": "en-shale-en-verb-ftglFFiz",
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "shell"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "obelvam",
"sense": "to take off the shell, husk, cod, pod",
"word": "обелвам"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to take off the shell, husk, cod, pod",
"word": "kuoria"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to take off the shell, husk, cod, pod",
"word": "écoquiller"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to take off the shell, husk, cod, pod",
"word": "décoquiller"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to take off the shell, husk, cod, pod",
"word": "écaler"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to take off the shell, husk, cod, pod",
"word": "décortiquer"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʃeɪl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-shale.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-shale.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-shale.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-shale.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-shale.wav.ogg"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"shale"
],
"word": "shale"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cic",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "shale",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chickasaw",
"lang_code": "cic",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chickasaw entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bus"
],
"id": "en-shale-cic-noun-BOAn5JkK",
"links": [
[
"bus",
"bus"
]
]
}
],
"word": "shale"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cic",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "shale",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chickasaw",
"lang_code": "cic",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Chickasaw entries with incorrect language header",
"Chickasaw lemmas",
"Chickasaw nouns",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"bus"
],
"links": [
[
"bus",
"bus"
]
]
}
],
"word": "shale"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for native script for Hittite terms",
"Rhymes:English/eɪl",
"Rhymes:English/eɪl/1 syllable",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Cantonese translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Ingrian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"en:Rocks"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "alum shale"
},
{
"word": "bituminous shale"
},
{
"word": "black shale"
},
{
"word": "oil shale"
},
{
"word": "shale gas"
},
{
"word": "shaleionaire"
},
{
"word": "shale oil"
},
{
"word": "shaley"
},
{
"word": "shaly"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "schale",
"4": "",
"5": "shell, husk; scale"
},
"expansion": "Middle English schale (“shell, husk; scale”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "sċealu",
"4": "",
"5": "shell, husk, pod"
},
"expansion": "Old English sċealu (“shell, husk, pod”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*skalō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skalō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "skaal",
"3": "",
"4": "dish"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian skaal (“dish”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "schaal",
"3": "",
"4": "shell"
},
"expansion": "Dutch schaal (“shell”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Schale",
"3": "",
"4": "husk, pod"
},
"expansion": "German Schale (“husk, pod”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kelH-",
"4": "",
"5": "to split, cut"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“to split, cut”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "skalà",
"3": "",
"4": "splinter"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian skalà (“splinter”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "скала",
"3": "",
"4": "rock, stone"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic скала (skala, “rock, stone”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "skała",
"3": "",
"4": "rock"
},
"expansion": "Polish skała (“rock”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "halë",
"3": "",
"4": "fish bone, splinter"
},
"expansion": "Albanian halë (“fish bone, splinter”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कल",
"3": "",
"4": "small part",
"tr": "kalá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit कल (kalá, “small part”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"t": "to tear apart, slit open",
"tr": "iškalla"
},
"expansion": "Hittite [script needed] (iškalla, “to tear apart, slit open”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "skélti",
"3": "",
"4": "to split"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian skélti (“to split”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σκάλλω",
"3": "",
"4": "to hoe, harrow"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek σκάλλω (skállō, “to hoe, harrow”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "scale"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of scale",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English schale (“shell, husk; scale”), from Old English sċealu (“shell, husk, pod”), from Proto-Germanic *skalō (compare West Frisian skaal (“dish”), Dutch schaal (“shell”), schalie (“shale”), German Schale (“husk, pod”)), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“to split, cut”) (compare Lithuanian skalà (“splinter”), Old Church Slavonic скала (skala, “rock, stone”), Polish skała (“rock”), Albanian halë (“fish bone, splinter”), Sanskrit कल (kalá, “small part”)), from *(s)kel- (“to split, cleave”) (compare Hittite [script needed] (iškalla, “to tear apart, slit open”), Lithuanian skélti (“to split”), Ancient Greek σκάλλω (skállō, “to hoe, harrow”)). Doublet of scale. See also shell.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "shales",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "shale (countable and uncountable, plural shales)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "gneiss"
},
{
"word": "schist"
},
{
"word": "slate"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1610s, Homer (attributed), translated by George Chapman, The Crowne of all Homers Workes: Batrachomyomachia, or the Battaile of Frogs and Mise […], published 1624:",
"text": "the green shales of a bean",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A shell or husk; a cod or pod."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Geology"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2007 March 23, Patricia Leigh Brown, “The Window Box Gets Some Tough Competition”, in New York Times:",
"text": "As on all large green roofs, the soil is not dirt exactly but a gravel-like growing medium of granulated pumice, shales, clays and other minerals.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A fine-grained sedimentary rock of a thin, laminated, and often friable, structure."
],
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) A fine-grained sedimentary rock of a thin, laminated, and often friable, structure."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʃeɪl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-shale.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-shale.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-shale.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-shale.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-shale.wav.ogg"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "shell, husk, cod, pod",
"word": "kuori"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "shell, husk, cod, pod",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cadorna"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "shell, husk, cod, pod",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "casca"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "shell, husk, cod, pod",
"word": "cáscara"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "shell, husk, cod, pod",
"word": "vaina"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "šista",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "шиста"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "esquist"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"word": "頁岩"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "jip⁶ ngaam⁴",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"word": "页岩"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"word": "頁岩"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yèyán",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"word": "页岩"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lupek"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"word": "jílovitá břidlice"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"word": "skisto"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"word": "savikivi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"word": "liuske"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "schiste"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rachón"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fraga"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "tixiani pikali",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"word": "თიხიანი ფიქალი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Tonschiefer"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"word": "agyagpala"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"word": "pala"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "leirsteinn"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "leirflögur"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"word": "savislantsa"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "scisto"
},
{
"alt": "けつがん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ketsugan",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"word": "頁岩"
},
{
"alt": "でいばんがん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "deibangan",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"word": "泥板岩"
},
{
"alt": "頁岩",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "hyeoram",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"word": "혈암"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "škrílec",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "шкри́лец"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bliu-pièrre"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "leirskifer"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "skifer"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "leirskifer"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "skifer"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "šist",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"word": "شیست"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "łupek"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"word": "xisto"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "slánec",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сла́нец"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"word": "škriljac"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"word": "škriljevac"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "esquisto"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pizarra"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lutita"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"word": "lerskiffer"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"word": "skiffer"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"word": "eskuwisto"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"word": "şeyl"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "sedimentary rock",
"word": "şist"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"shale"
],
"word": "shale"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for native script for Hittite terms",
"Rhymes:English/eɪl",
"Rhymes:English/eɪl/1 syllable",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Cantonese translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Ingrian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"en:Rocks"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "schale",
"4": "",
"5": "shell, husk; scale"
},
"expansion": "Middle English schale (“shell, husk; scale”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "sċealu",
"4": "",
"5": "shell, husk, pod"
},
"expansion": "Old English sċealu (“shell, husk, pod”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*skalō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skalō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "skaal",
"3": "",
"4": "dish"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian skaal (“dish”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "schaal",
"3": "",
"4": "shell"
},
"expansion": "Dutch schaal (“shell”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Schale",
"3": "",
"4": "husk, pod"
},
"expansion": "German Schale (“husk, pod”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kelH-",
"4": "",
"5": "to split, cut"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“to split, cut”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "skalà",
"3": "",
"4": "splinter"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian skalà (“splinter”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "скала",
"3": "",
"4": "rock, stone"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic скала (skala, “rock, stone”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "skała",
"3": "",
"4": "rock"
},
"expansion": "Polish skała (“rock”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "halë",
"3": "",
"4": "fish bone, splinter"
},
"expansion": "Albanian halë (“fish bone, splinter”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कल",
"3": "",
"4": "small part",
"tr": "kalá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit कल (kalá, “small part”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"t": "to tear apart, slit open",
"tr": "iškalla"
},
"expansion": "Hittite [script needed] (iškalla, “to tear apart, slit open”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "skélti",
"3": "",
"4": "to split"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian skélti (“to split”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σκάλλω",
"3": "",
"4": "to hoe, harrow"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek σκάλλω (skállō, “to hoe, harrow”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "scale"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of scale",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English schale (“shell, husk; scale”), from Old English sċealu (“shell, husk, pod”), from Proto-Germanic *skalō (compare West Frisian skaal (“dish”), Dutch schaal (“shell”), schalie (“shale”), German Schale (“husk, pod”)), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“to split, cut”) (compare Lithuanian skalà (“splinter”), Old Church Slavonic скала (skala, “rock, stone”), Polish skała (“rock”), Albanian halë (“fish bone, splinter”), Sanskrit कल (kalá, “small part”)), from *(s)kel- (“to split, cleave”) (compare Hittite [script needed] (iškalla, “to tear apart, slit open”), Lithuanian skélti (“to split”), Ancient Greek σκάλλω (skállō, “to hoe, harrow”)). Doublet of scale. See also shell.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "shales",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "shaling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "shaled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "shaled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "shale (third-person singular simple present shales, present participle shaling, simple past and past participle shaled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To take off the shell or coat of."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʃeɪl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-shale.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-shale.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-shale.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-shale.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-shale.wav.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "shell"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "obelvam",
"sense": "to take off the shell, husk, cod, pod",
"word": "обелвам"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to take off the shell, husk, cod, pod",
"word": "kuoria"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to take off the shell, husk, cod, pod",
"word": "écoquiller"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to take off the shell, husk, cod, pod",
"word": "décoquiller"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to take off the shell, husk, cod, pod",
"word": "écaler"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to take off the shell, husk, cod, pod",
"word": "décortiquer"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"shale"
],
"word": "shale"
}
Download raw JSONL data for shale meaning in All languages combined (18.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.